JCET GRA Nicole Trenholm Trains Undergraduates in Summer 2019 Northwest Passage Project

Last August, Nicole Trenholm, a UMBC Graduate Research Assistant in JCET, collected over 100 in situ chlorophyll a, pigments and eDNA genetic samples of sea surface waters in order to assess coastal productivity interpreted through satellite remote sensed ocean color chl a data between open navigable seas to ice laden regions of the Northwest Passage. Trenholm trained a team of undergraduate students to help with the sample acquisition onboard the NSF funded Northwest Passage Project 2019 cruise. Onboard the Icebreaker Oden Nicole assisted Dr. Donglai Gong of Virginia Institute of Marine Science in physical oceanographic measurements of the predominate transport and circulation of water masses across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. They captured observations of Pacific water which moves across Barrow Strait, into Lancaster Sound to meet upwelled Atlantic Ocean originating boundary currents that inevitably outflows into Baffin Bay. They conducted water column profiles and water samples at intriguing locations and at discrete depths even where physical forces may aid in driving downstream plankton blooms that may be seen through ocean color variation. Trenholm assisted in the operation of aerial and underwater robotics to gain a better perspective of sea ice and algae conditions onboard Oden and while adrift on ice floes. “On previous research cruises, I always avoided the ice edge but pushing through it and being dropped off on an ice floe was an indescribable opportunity that changed my perspective on exploring sea ice”, Trenholm states. Trenholm is encouraged to submit data to the NASA Ocean Ecology Branch in situ data repository of SeaBass. She plans to assess any matched conditions that may better associate ocean color data with physical forcing on validaited ecological effects such as along the glaciated coastline of the Devon Ice Cap and the bird reserve of Prince Leopold Island. While chlorophyll and pigments samples are processed by scietntists at the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Lab at Goddard Space Flight Center, Trenholm will help Dr. Louis Plough process eDNA samples at University of Maryland Horn Point Laboratory this Fall. “For 2020-2021, I now prepare for a more strategic coastal sampling plan within the Canadaian Arctic Archipelago and W-NW Greenland in which I will consult with many JCET, GSFC Ocean Ecology and Cryosphere Branch scientists during the course of my JCET fellowship to ensure I will acquire the best observations that can help the interpretation of ocean color datasets now and into the future in this rapidly changing polar wilderness”, Trenholm shares.

Qianqian Song Receives FINESST Fellowship From NASA

UMBC’s Qianqian Song has just received the Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology (FINESST) Fellowship⁠—one of just 59 such fellowships granted nationwide this year. The award provides $45,000 per year for three years for her to continue her studies at UMBC with Zhibo Zhang, associate professor of physics.

Song, a fourth-year Ph.D. candidate in atmospheric physics,is studying how dust above clouds affects the global climate. Large amounts of dust enter the atmosphere when strong winds blow across dry areas, such as the Sahara Desert.Previous research from the Zhang lab showed that this dust travels thousands of miles and provides critical nutrients to the Amazon rainforest. Other studies have suggested that the dust has an overall cooling effect on climate, by blocking short-wave radiation coming from the sun. “But they were neglecting the long-wave effect,” says Song. This is where her innovative work comes in.

Read more…

Arctic change on the ‘Magic Planet’ Co-lab Presentation

Left to right are Ben Daniels, Tori Nelson, Lauren Patel, Sangita Ramaswamy, Nicole Trenholm, Paul Ocone.

This summer’s Stories on a Sphere UMBC Co-Lab Interdisciplinary Project Team developed a Science on a Sphere Presentation called On Thin Ice.

The undergraduate group was led by JCET Fellow Nicole Trenholm and a co-team lead and fellow Geographic Environmental Science Department Phd student Ben Daniels.  The team produced a spherical presentation offering a different look at the changes impressed upon the Arctic marine ecosystem. They developed a how-to for other spatial researchers to be able to contribute datasets and presentations to the NOAA Science on a Sphere Data Catalog and to give spherical presentations a try!  Here the team debuts their presentation at NOAA Headquarters in Silver Spring on Wednesday June 19th at Science on a Sphere. Trenholm will continue to produce spherical content and presentations with this cutting edge science communication medium in order to best relay her research with JCET.

Congratulations to JCET’s Graduate Fellowship Award Co-Recipients for 2019-2020

The UMBC JCET Department is proud to announce it has co-recipients for its Graduate Fellowship Award for the 2019-20 academic year.  They are Ms. Pei Guo from Information Systems (“Multilayer Causality Network Modeling, Learning and Inference from Large-scale Global Spatiotemporal Climate Data,” IS Advisor: Dr. Jianwu Wang), and  Ms. Nicole Trenholm from Geography (“Ocean-Glacier Interactions the Driver in Arctic Coastal Productivity,” GES Advisors: Dr. Jeff Halverson & Dr. Kevin Turpie).  Congratulations to both Pei and Nicole and good luck in the coming year.

Maryland 2019 Academy of Sciences Annual STEM Awards

Christopher A. Shuman (UMBC JCET @ NASA GSFC) gave the keynote presentation at the Maryland Academy of Sciences Annual STEM Awards Ceremony May 8th at the Maryland Science Center at Baltimore’s Inner Harbor. His presentation “Antarctica’s Fragile Margins – Larsen C Ice Shelf Changes” was well received by the more than 100 attendees and award recipients.

Lorraine Remer Receives Research Faculty Excellence Award

Dr. Lorraine Remer, Research Professor in UMBC’s Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET) and Affiliate Professor in the Departments of Physics and Geography and Environmental Systems, has been selected as the 2019 recipient of the UMBC Research Faculty Excellence Award.  The award recognizes overall excellence in research, and where appropriate, significant contributions to teaching and service/leadership while at UMBC.

Dr. Remer received her award at the 2019 Presidential Faculty and Staff Awards Ceremony held in the University Center Ballroom on April 3rd.

Click here for more information Lorraine Remer Award Winner

Congratulations Dr. Jae Lee!

Congratulations to Dr. Jae Lee (JCET/UMBC) who was presented with the Piers J. Sellers Award for Interdisciplinary Science from Director of Sciences and Exploration Directorate/GSFC, Mark Clampin, on Feb. 26, 2019 at the 12th Annual New Year’s poster party.  Her poster “Is There a Time Lag between Total Solar Irradiance and Sunspot Area?” explores two fundamental quantities in Heliophysics and Earth Science: the solar magnetic field emergence and total solar energy input to Earth. To examine the relationship between the two, she showed SDO solar disc images, ground observations of Sunspot area, and three different satellite measured total solar irradiance data from SORCE, TCTE, and newly launched TSIS.

The Third Annual Earth Day Symposium is on April 26th, 2019 from 9am-4pm in Physics 401 at UMBC Main Campus

The Earth Day Symposium (EDS) is an annual event sponsored jointly by the UMBC Department of Physics and the Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET) that highlights local Earth science research from NASA, NOAA, university, and private sector affiliates. The event aims to strengthen collaboration between UMBC and JCET researchers, graduate students, and the local Earth science community.

Click here for more information 3rd Annual Earth Day Symposium

Click for Flyer

Iceberg Twice The Size of New York City Set to Break Away From Antarctica, Says Nasa

The iceberg would represent the largest break off since scientists first began monitoring the area

Clark MindockNew York @ClarkMindock

Cracking across Antarctica’s Brunt Ice Shelf is set to release an iceberg w/ an area about 2x the size of NYC. The splitting could result in an uncertain future for the shelf’s scientific research & human presence. See what @NASAEarth satellites captured: https://go.nasa.gov/2T9iodx

An iceberg twice the size of New York City is poised to break away from the Brunt Ice Shelf in Antarctica, sparking safety concerns for scientists in the area.  The iceberg would represent the largest break off there since scientists first began monitoring the area, in 1915.

In a release, Nasa says that a crack has been growing at a rate of about 2.5 miles (4km) per year since 2012, and that the chasm was dormant before that time. That northward growing crack could soon meet with another growing chasm, the so-called “Halloween crack” that was discovered in October of 2016 growing eastward form the McDonalds Ice Rumples.

Nasa scientist Chris Shuman told The Independent that the size of the iceberg — around 1,700 square kilometers, or about 656 square miles — would make it the fifth largest iceberg that is currently being tracked by the National Ice Centre in Suitland Maryland.

“What is driving this is the natural, long-term flow of glacial ice off of the margins of Antarctica so  that the advancing ice begins to float on the sea (in this case the Weddell Sea, forming the Brunt Ice Shelf),” Mr Shuman said. “Year-by-year, the ice moves farther offshore as it is supplied by the  glaciers inland until the forces of tides, currents, storms etc… begin to crack the floating ice”.

Click here for the whole story Brunt Ice Shelf

Congratulations Valerie Casasanto

2018 Robert H. Goddard Honor Award Winner for Outreach with ICESat-2

Valarie Casasanto with the NASA ICESat-2 Outreach Team

Valerie Casasanto of the UMBC Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET) is one of the 2018 Robert H. Goddard Honor Award winners from code 600 for her work with the ICESat-2 Outreach Team.  Please be sure to congratulate Val for her hard work and dedication to the success of Goddard, UMBC and JCET.  Her professionalism is deeply appreciated.

TSIS-1 Team Receives Group Achievement Award From NASA

UMBC Among Top 150 U.S. Universities in Federal Research Funding

The National Science Foundation (NSF) recently released its latest Higher Education Research and Development (HERD) survey, including UMBC among the top 150 U.S. universities in federal research and development expenditures for fiscal year 2017. The annual HERD survey combines total funding from all federal agencies, including NSF and others, as well as research funding from non-federal and non-governmental sources.

UMBC is ranked #146 in federal funding for the 2017 fiscal year and #169 in total funding from all sources. The federal research investment figure includes funding sources such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Department of Defense, and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), among many others.

Partnering with NASA

The university is a strong national leader when it comes to NASA funding, where UMBC ranks #12 across all U.S. colleges and universities. This leadership also applies broadly to the overall category of research in the geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences, where UMBC ranks #28 nationwide.

The Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST II) is one core research partnership UMBC maintains with NASA. UMBC and the University of Maryland, College Park, are leading partners in the consortium, which received a commitment of $87.5 million over five years from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center beginning in 2017 (following a successful 10-year agreement that launched in 2006).

The partnership supports cutting edge research in high energy astrophysics, gravitational waves, and other areas. Jane Turner, professor of physics, directs the Center for Space and Science Technology (CSST), which is the UMBC arm of CRESST. She explains that this research collaboration also creates important teaching and learning opportunities that benefit faculty, graduate, and undergraduate students.

The Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET) is another particularly active and robust UMBC-NASA partnership. NASA renewed JCET in 2015 at a level of $46 million over five years, affirming its commitment to this ongoing, highly productive research collaboration.

“UMBC has a terrific relationship with NASA,” says Susan Hoban, JCET’s associate director. “The UMBC-Goddard JCET is in its third decade, conducting research that advances our understanding of the Earth’s changing climate. NASA scientists, as well as UMBC faculty and students, benefit from this ongoing collaboration.”

Reflecting and informing society

The arts, humanities, and social sciences at UMBC regularly receive funding from a range of federal sources including the DHHS, USDA, National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), and National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). The latest HERD rankings include projects in a broad range of fields in these areas, such as education, the environment, health disparities, and design. For fiscal year 2017, UMBC ranked #36 in social science research expenditures from federal sources, above institutions such as Princeton University (#48) and Brown University (#52).

Chris Curran, assistant professor of public policy, received a two-year $620,000 National Institute of Justice grant to study the role of law enforcement officers in public schools. Curran, has shared, “Law enforcement have become an increasingly common presence in school settings, particularly after high profile events like the tragedy at Sandy Hook. Our work seeks to understand the role of these officers in promoting safety, managing student behavior, and facilitating relationships with students.”

Also during the 2017 HERD survey period, Margaret Re, associate professor of visual arts, received a major Art Works grant from the NEA to develop the exhibition and catalog for “A Designed Life.” The project explores how the U.S. government sponsored exhibits of modern American textiles, wallpapers, containers, and packaging in the 1950s to promote American culture abroad. It’s now on display at UMBC’s Center for Art, Design, and Visual Culture.

Computing, information, and engineering

UMBC also has very strong federal support for research in computing, information sciences, and engineering disciplines. In all three areas, UMBC ranked in the top 125 U.S. universities in funding received from federal sources.

In the 2017 HERD period, UMBC received an NSF Major Research Instrumentation award to expand the university’s High Performance Computing Facility. Also in computing,Ting Zhu, assistant professor of computer science and electrical engineering, received a prestigious NSF CAREER Award for his work to develop “Internet of Things” technology.

Faculty also received numerous awards for innovative medical research. Erin Lavik, professor of chemical, biochemical, and environmental engineering, received funding from the National Eye Institute to develop a “living model of the human retina.”

Liang Zhu, professor of mechanical engineering, was PI on an NSF grant to study how applying heat to drug-carrying nanoparticles can cause tumors to shrink. Her research with UMBC colleagues in mechanical engineering, biological science, and chemistry and biochemistry could lead to a more targeted, non-surgical approach to treating tumors in cancer patients. “Not every patient can have surgery,” explained Zhu, “so this is an alternative treatment option.”

Karl V. Steiner, UMBC’s vice president for research, notes that these most recent research funding rankings highlight UMBC’s strength across disciplines. “I could not be more proud of the efforts of our faculty and students as we build our research community together. The HERD Rankings are one measurement of our scholarly impact, and represent a key method of national comparison,” he says.

Steiner continues, “Our top ranking is in NASA support, and the related research highlights areas of remarkable strength built over several decades. We are also thrilled about the strength of our social sciences research community and growing recognition for our important engineering and information sciences programs.”

Click here for more information: UMBC Research In Top 150 Universities In Research Funding

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NASA’s ICESat-2 Solvang Pre-launch Multimedia Presentation

With JCET’s Valerie Casasanto

ICESat-2’s Public Outreach Lead Photos courtesy of Len Wood, Santa Maria Times

Dr. Thorsten Markus – head of NASA Goddard’s Cryospheric Sciences Lab and the Project Scientist for the ICESat-2 mission, talks about the science behind the study. The event was sponsored by NASA and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, at Solvang Festival Theater.

Lia Oganesyan, a virtual reality innovator and TED Entrepeneur-in-Residence, leads the audience using their smart phones to see a virtual reality earth via an app called HoloGLOBE and paper cube. They were participating in a live music and multimedia art and science program titled “Beautiful Earth,” on Friday, Sept. 14 at Solvang Festival Theater.

Kenji Williams, composer and director of “Beautiful Earth,” a music and multimedia art and science program about the ICESat-2 satellite, plays violin to animated graphics about the program. The event was sponsored by NASA and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, at Solvang Festival Theater.

Spectators look at a scale model of ICESat-2, as is scans the earth with lasers, before a live music and multimedia art and science program titled “Beautiful Earth,” on Friday, Sept. 14 at Solvang Festival Theater.

Solvang Theaterfest Executive Director Mary Ann Norbom welcomes the audience as Valerie Casasanto, ICESat-2’s education and outreach lead, to “Beautiful Earth,” a music and multimedia art and science program about the ICESat-2 satellite. The event was sponsored by NASA and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, at Solvang Festival Theater on Friday.

ICESat2 Solvang Concert – September 15, 2018

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JCET All Hands Meeting Tomorrow At GSFC

DSCVR:  A 21-Year Journey

Please plan to attend the JCET All Hands meeting Tomorrow at GSFC.

The speaker will be Dr. Jay Herman

Wednesday, October 17, 2018 Building 33, Room H114 9:15AM – 10:30AM

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Congratulations Ali Tokay and Yujie Wang

JCET’s GSFC Award Winners

Code 610 Atmospheres Annual Awards Ceremony – September 28, 2018

Congratulations Dr. Ali Tokay on receiving NASA’s GSFC Code 610 Atmospheres Performance Award in the category: Outstanding Performance – Outreach or Mentoring for his sustained mentoring of students in research internships.

 Congratulations Dr. Yujie Wang on receiving NASA’s GSFC Code 610 Atmospheres Performance Award in the category Noteworthy Contribution Group Award for Development of code MAIAC and release of MODIS collection 6 operational data product MCD19.

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NASA launches satellite to map Earth’s ice sheets

The United Launch Alliance (ULA) Delta II rocket with the NASA Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) onboard.

ICESat-2 Launch

Coming to California for launch?

Check out ICESat-2’s launch week activities near Vandenberg Air Force Base at https://icesat-2.gsfc.nasa.gov/launch-info to find out information on where to catch our hands-on exhibits, a teacher workshop both in person and on Facebook Live, and a live multimedia music and science performance Sept. 14 (RSVP here: https://bit.ly/2x8I51J).

Can’t make it in person?

Host a launch party with materials at https://icesat-2.gsfc.nasa.gov/launch-info, and tune in to NASA TV at 8:10 a.m. ET/5:10 a.m. PT for the start of our launch broadcast!

What is ICESat-2? => Click Here

PHOTON JUMP

Photon Jump Video

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JCET GRA Seminars For Fall 2018

This semester’s JCET Seminar features Jess Herpel from the Maryland Department of the Environment as the kick-off speaker, on Tuesday, September 11.  Please note the new time for the seminars this semester, 10 – 11 AM, in PHYS 401.

Click here for more information on the JCET GRA Seminars for Fall 2018:  JCET GRA Seminars

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UMBC, NASA, and Partners Mount Intensive Chesapeake Bay Air-Quality Study

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AUGUST 21, 2018 10:26 AM SARAH HANSEN

Dr. Ruben Delgado Research Scientist with UMBC JCET Department

This Summer, students and faculty from UMBC and three additional universities teamed up with NASA researchers and Maryland’s Department of the Environment to collect huge amounts of data that will provide a snapshot of air quality in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area and over the Chesapeake Bay. The study measures factors ranging from wind speed to ozone concentration.

“In trying to understand air quality near the coast, it’s critical to obtain measurements over the water and over the land simultaneously with as wide of a variety of instruments as possible,” says John Sullivan, Ph.D. ’15, atmospheric physics, and the lead NASA researcher on the project.

UMBC serves as the primary land-based site, and equipment placed on remote Hart Miller Island in the Bay collects data over water. “With two sites, you can begin to really answer questions pertaining to differences in air pollution and understand the mechanisms driving these differences,” Sullivan explains.

Ozone in the forecast

This summer’s work is an extension of the Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS), dubbed OWLETS-2, and it is particularly focused on tracking the presence of ozone in coastal cities. Ozone in the upper atmosphere helps maintain Earth’s temperature and absorbs harmful UV rays.

However, near ground level, breathing in ozone causes inflammation in the respiratory system, which can be dangerous for young children, the elderly, and those with asthma or other respiratory conditions. Plants also take up ozone, which can reduce crop yields.

Chemical reactions between sunlight and emissions from vehicles and industry generate smog-like ozone episodes, so one would expect the highest concentrations at midday, when the sun is at its brightest. However, wind over the Bay changes that.

“The Bay breeze is like a wall that doesn’t allow normal west to east airflow to happen,” explains Ruben Delgado, assistant professor at the Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (a UMBC-NASA partnership) and the lead UMBC OWLETS-2 researcher. That means the midday ozone heading out to sea comes back in during the late afternoon, causing a spike just as local residents are heading home from work and school. Other factors, such as smoke blowing over the city from wildfires in the West, can also have a real impact.

Better understanding how these issues influence the presence of ozone in Baltimore can help improve air quality forecasts and protect sensitive populations from ozone’s ill effects. “The National Weather Service is interested in this kind of data, because it allows them to push their models to a new frontier,” Delgado explains.

Students step up

Working with Delgado are students from UMBC, Howard University, City University of New York, and Hampton University. The students and their home-institution faculty mentors are all members of the NOAA-funded Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies and Center for Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology.

Delgado finds mentoring these emerging researchers to be both personally rewarding and essential to the success of the project. “My favorite part of this project is giving the students hands-on experience,” Delgado says. “They get to contribute to the process from start to finish.”

Kat Ball ’21, chemical engineering, is one of those student researchers, and her experience has been transformative. “I feel so fortunate to have had the opportunity to participate in meaningful scientific research so early on in my academic career,” she shares. “I’ve only just completed my freshman year, and will be one of the authors on the publications that result from all the data we received, which is something I thought I would only be dreaming about for quite some time.”

Ball learned that field and lab research differ in important ways. “Not everything is easy to deal with when you’re miles away from an actual lab where you have all of the necessary parts, chemicals, and even just clean water that you need to deal with problems that arise,” she says.

Working with much more experienced team members, Ball was intimidated at first, but soon felt at home on Hart Miller Island. “Hearing from people with such impressive qualifications that your input on the situation truly matters expanded the confidence I had in myself as a researcher,” she shares.

Read more here:  Chesapeake Bay Air-Quality Study

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In-Situ and Remote Sensing Measurements of Precipitation Course in Brazil

Ali Tokay (JCET/UMBC, Code 612.0) presented a course on In-Situ and Remote Sensing Measurements of Precipitation at the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil during August 6-9, 2018.  The course included wide range of topics including fundamentals of raindrop size distribution and rain parameters, ground-based precipitation measurements by rain gauges, disdrometers, and vertically pointing and scanning radars, global and regional precipitation products, space-borne precipitation measurements focusing on Global Precipitation Measurement sensors and algorithms.   The course has drawn 40 registered participants from about 15 different institutes across Brazil.

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Ocean Research Project Vision Sets Sail To Help Save Oceans

Matt Rutherford and UMBC Graduate Student Nicole Trenholm

Capital Gazette Article by:

 The NASA Applied Remote Sensing Training Program (ARSET)

The NASA Applied Remote Sensing Training (ARSET) program offers satellite remote sensing training that builds the skills to integrate NASA Earth Science data into an agency’s decision-making activities. Training sessions are offered in many areas of remote sensing, including air quality, climate, disaster relief, health, land, and water resources. These trainings, offered both online and in person, have a world wide reach of over 13,000 participants and more than 3, 600 organizations. Managed by Ana Prados , the ARSET program team consists of Training Coordinator, Brock Blevins, Technical Writer and Editor, Elizabeth Hook Program Evaluator, Annelise Carleton-Hug and Project Support, Marines Martins.   There are many specialty leads and instructors including Melanie Follette-Cook, Pawan Gupta, Amber Jean McCullum, Amita Mehta, Erika Podest, and Cynthia Schmidt.

The photo above is from an in-person training last week July 10-12, “Satellite Remote Sensing of Dust, Fires, Smoke, and Air Quality” conducted by Pawan Gupta and Melanie Follette-Cook.  With assistance from Elizabeth Hook, Brock Blevins, and Selwyn Hudson-Odoi.  This training was coordinated with Washington State University who hosted the training in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 10, and the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. Over the course of three days, 39 participants from 25 organizations attended the training.

To Learn more visit:  NASA Applied Remote Sensing (ARSET)

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 Air Quality Study Over Chesapeake Bay Seeks To Understand Pollution

Researchers release balloon carrying instruments to measure air pollution over the Chesapeake Bay in this handout photo from earlier this summer on Hart Miller Island. (Handout courtesy of Maryland Department of the Environment)

Article by Liz Bowie – Contact Reporter for Baltimore Sun

The sky above Hart-Miller Island became a busy laboratory for several weeks this summer as researchers launched balloons, drones and planes to better understand the complex swirl of air pollution over the Chesapeake Bay.  State and federal agencies initiated a research study aimed at providing more detailed data on how and why the Chesapeake Bay seems to act as a magnet for ozone pollution, amplifying the smog before it is then blown back over land.  “The study is an exciting example of cutting-edge research on the interface between land and water,” said Maryland Environment Secretary Ben Grumbles.  The study attempts to understand in a three-dimensional way what happens to the emissions of power plants, cars and other pollutants once they gather over the Chesapeake Bay. The results could help Maryland make the case for forcing sources of air pollution in states upwind to better control their emissions.  Maryland officials blame air pollution from upwind states for more than two-thirds of the smog that forms over the Baltimore and Washington regions. On hot summer days, the sunlight and heat trigger chemical reactions between pollutants and other compounds in the air, multiplying what is known as ground-level ozone.  Ozone is a form of oxygen found naturally in the upper atmosphere that protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation, but ground-level ozone is a key ingredient in smog and can cause or aggravate breathing or heart problems in humans.  Already this year there have been eight days when Baltimore’s air quality exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards.  Ozone is created by the chemical reactions between pollutants known as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Nitrogen oxides come from the combustion of fossil fuels in cars and power plants. The nitrogen often falls out of the air as ozone is created.  About a third of the bay’s nitrogen pollution falls from the air onto the land and water, said Ariel Solaski, a staff litigation attorney at the Chesapeake Bay Foundation. Excess nitrogen in the bay contributes to algae blooms and dead zones.  Significant improvements in the bay’s water quality have been seen since nutrients including nitrogen have been reduced in the rivers and streams flowing into the bay.

Read More:  Air Quality Study Over Chesapeake Bay at Hart Miller Island

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UMBC Climate Commitment Video

UMBC Energy Video

 UMBC Transportation Video

UMBC Waste Reduction Video

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UMBC Atmospheric Scientists Use New Instrumentation

To Study Cloud and Aerosols in Exploratory NASA Aircraft Campaigns

The science teams and ER-2 pilot staff for the ACEPOL campaign, huddled in front of the NASA ER-2 aircraft. (Image: ACEPOL Science Team)

Aerosol-cloud interaction continues to puzzle climate scientists. It is among the most significant contributors to our climate but least understood. Aerosol-cloud processes are poorly represented in climate models and measurement requires high accuracy, narrow resolution, and cooperation between different instruments.

Several studies converge on the idea that a multi-angle imaging polarimeter, with high accuracy and narrow spatial and angular resolution, is the strongest candidate to sample cloud and aerosol properties at the level required for climate study. The Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP) is a wide field-of-view camera, designed and developed by J. Vanderlei Martins and the Laboratory for Aerosol and Cloud Optics (LACO) Group at UMBC to fill this role.

Over the past year, AirHARP, the HARP instrument adapted for aircraft, flew on two NASA research campaigns: the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS) and the Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and LIDAR (ACEPOL). The LMOS campaign was a joint NASA-NOAA-EPA effort to explore the connection between lake breezes and high ozone exceedance levels on the eastern coastline of Wisconsin in the summer months. AirHARP took data on many B-200 flights alongside the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) GeoTASO instrument, a trace gas experiment that measures ozone pre-cursors, such as NO₂, through the entire atmospheric column. Brent McBride, a Ph.D candidate in Martins’ group, operated AirHARP on-board the B-200 and led field operations on the ground throughout the campaign, while LACO group members engaged remotely from UMBC. While AirHARP does not have trace gas sensitivity, measurements of convective clouds and low aerosol levels over eastern Wisconsin will be compared to co-incident observations made by AERONET sun photometer sites and the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the GOES-R geosynchronous satellite.

Read more:   UMBC Atmospheric Scientists Use New Instrumentation

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UMBC Physicists Discover Unexpected Effect of African

Wildfires on Climate

African Fires Effect Climate

Clouds play a prominent role in moderating Earth’s climate, but their role is still poorly understood. Generally, clouds cool the Earth by reflecting incoming sunlight back out into space. Reducing the clouds’ reflectivity—with a layer of pollution, for example—reduces the cooling effect. However, new research in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Zhibo Zhang, associate professor of atmospheric physics at UMBC, two of his students, and collaborators from University of Wyoming, University of Science and Technology of China, Universities Space Research Association, and University of Michigan adds another level of complexity to this model.

Every fall, fires race across central and southern Africa. Many are wildfires; others are intentionally set by humans to clear farmland. They create so much smoke that it’s clearly visible from space. Wind sweeps the smoke westward over the Atlantic Ocean, where it rises above the largest semi-permanent gathering of clouds in the world. For years, scientists believed that overall, the smoke diminishes the clouds’ cooling effect by absorbing light that the clouds beneath otherwise would reflect. The new study by Zhang and colleagues doesn’t dispute the existence of this effect, but introduces a new mechanism that counteracts it by making the clouds more reflective.

Read more:  UMBC Physicists’ New Discovery